A RARE CASE OF MULTIPLE PELVIC HYDATID CYST

 

Authors : Kalpana Mahadik1  Kunjan Ladikar2

1.        Professor & HOD, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

2.        Postgraduate student  III yr , Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Introduction

Hydatid disease is a zoonotic parasitic disease most frequently caused by Echinococcus granulosus.1 Primary hydatid cyst in the pelvis is an extremely rare site of the disease and occurs in approximately 0.7% of the patients.2

Clinical picture

A 40 year old female (para 4 living 4), presented with pain in the epigastric region since one and a half year and a lump in abdomen since 6 months. On per abdomen examination a cystic ,  mobile , non-tender  mass with well defined margins, smooth surface of about 14 -16 week size gravid uterus was palpable. Ultrasound examination showed a large, well defined, cystic mass of pelvic origin suggestive of ovarian cyst. Patient underwent exploratory laparotomy followed by abdominal hysterectomy with left salpingo-ophrectomy with cystectomy. Intraoperatively a large cystic lesion was present on anterior uterine wall and similar cystic lesions were present in the left broad ligament as well as pouch of douglas. On incising multiple daughter cysts were found thereby a diagnosis of  multiple hydatid cysts was made.

Discussion

Echinococcus granulosa can reach any organ or tissue of the body where it develops into a hydatid cyst.1 Echinococcus cyst is found more frequently in the liver (60%), followed by the lungs (15%), but they can occur anywhere in the body.3 The pelvic organ in women is rarely the primary site of cyst formation. The hydatid embryo gains access to the pelvis by hematogenous or lymphatic route. The cyst may remain asymptomatic for long period of time and may be discovered incidentally or cause irritation or compression symptoms.4 Ultrasound is the preferred first-line imaging but CECT gives more precise information regarding the morphology.5 Surgery is the most effective treatment.6 En bloc resection without inducing rupture and spreading the daughter cyst is recommended treatment and is accepted to be curative.7

Conclusion

Pelvic hydatid cyst in women may be mistaken for the cysts of the genital organs, because they arise in the pelvic cellular tissues. Mistaken diagnosis of ovarian cyst needs an attention and we should keep this diagnosis in mind though it is rare.

References :

1.      D. B. Lewall . Hydatid disease: biology, pathology, imaging and classification. Clinical Radiology, vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 863–874, 2012.

2.      Engin G, Acunas B, Rozanes I, Acunas G. Hydatid disease with unusual localization. Eur Radiol 2000;10:1904-12.

3.      M. Yuksel, G. Demirpolat, A. Sever, S. Bakaris, E. Bulbuloglu, and N. Elmas. Hydatid disease involving some rare locations in the body: a pictorial essay. The Korean Journal of Radiology, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 531–540, 2007.

4.      Terek, M., Ayhan, C., Uluku?, M. et al. Arch Gynecol Obstet (2000) 264: 93

5.      Daali M, Hassida R, Zoubir M, Had A, Hajji A. Peritoneal Hydatidosis: a study of 25 cases in Morocco. Sante 2000; 10[4]: 255-60.[French]

6.      Karavias DD,Vagianos CE, Kakkos SK, Panagopoulis CM. Peritoneal echinococcosis. World J Surg 1996; 20[3]: 337-40.

7.      Fazl Q. Parray, Shadab Nabi Wani, Sajid Bazaz, Shakeel-ur Rehman Khan, and Nighat Shaffi Malik. Primary Pelvic Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report. Case Reports in Surgery, vol. 2011

 

For further details contact : kalpanavmahadik@hotmail.com